本文介绍使用Varnish加速图片文件访问，希望对于Varnish入门者给与帮助。更多Varnish资源请本站内搜索。
varnish是和squid类似的高性能开源HTTP加速器,我这里用来缓存图片,js,css等小文件
varnish cache 192.168.0.15 centos6.0
nagios www后端 192.168.0.11 centos5.3
1.安装varnish
wget http://repo.varnish-cache.org/source/varnish-3.0.0.tar.gz
tar zxvf varnish-3.0.0.tar.gz
cd varnish-3.0.0
./configure --prefix=/opt/varnish-3.0.0
make
make install
ln -s /opt/varnish-3.0.0 /opt/varnish
2.设置权限
cd /opt/varnish
#varnish以www:website来运行
chown -R www:website /opt/varnish/var/varnish/
mkdir /var/log/varnish
chown -R www:website /var/log/varnish
chown -R www:website /opt/varnish/var/varnish/`hostname`
mkdir /opt/varnish/var/varnish/`hostname`
3.配置文件
#查看默认配置文件
cat etc/varnish/default.vcl
#编辑新配置文件
vi etc/vcl.conf
4.启动varnish
/opt/varnish/sbin/varnishd -n /opt/varnish/var/varnish -f /opt/varnish/etc/vcl.conf -a 0.0.0.0:80 -s malloc,1G -g website -u www -T 127.0.0.1:3200 -p sess_workspace=64768 -p thread_pools=2 -p listen_depth=4096 -p first_byte_timeout=10 -p sess_timeout=15 -w 200,5000,10
#参数说明
-n vcache / #临时文件实例名.如果以"/"开头,就必须是一个可用的路径.
-a :80 / #服务所在端口.":80"是默认所有网络都建立80端口,":"前面是服务器IP.
-T :5000 / #管理端口.
-s file,/data1/vcache,80g / #虚拟内存文件映射类型,路径以及容量. 包括两种类型"malloc"和"file"
-s file,/data2/vcache,80g / #malloc是内存+swap交换模式.很简单.没得说.
-s file,/data3/vcache,80g / #file是mmap的文件内存映射机制.(具体情况,参阅"mmap"函数说明)
-s file,/data4/vcache,80g /
-f /usr/local/varnish/etc/varnish.vcl / #VCL文件路径.
-P /var/run/varnish.pid / #PID文件地址.
-w 200,5000,10 / #工作进程数.三个参数分别是:<min=5>,<max=500>,<timeout=300>
-h classic,16383 / #hash列表类型,以及长度.默认长度是16383.具体用处和调整实际效果要等我看完源代码才知道.
-p user=www / #"-p"是变量配置参数
-p group=website/ #服务运行用户和用户组配置.
-p thread_pools=4 / #进程connections pools的个数,数量越多,越耗用cpu和mem,但是处理并发能力越强.
#系统手册上说,一个cpu用一个.
-p listen_depth=4096 / #TCP队列长度.默认是1024.
-p first_byte_timeout=10 #从后端接受第一个字节的超时时间。默认60秒
-p between_bytes_timeout=60 #从后端接收数据后,连接空闲时间,默认60秒
-p sess_timeout=15 #客户端和varnish连接超时时间,默认5秒
5.记录日志
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /opt/varnish/var/varnish -w /var/log/varnish/varnish.log &
#定时切割日志
vi /opt/shell/cutvarnishlog.sh
#!/bin/sh
# 0 0 * * * /bin/sh /opt/shell/cutvarnishlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y%m%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /var/log/varnish/varnish.log /var/log/varnish/varnish.${date}.log
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /opt/varnish/var/varnish -w /var/log/varnish/varnish.log &
mkdir -p /var/log/varnish/old
gzip -c /var/log/varnish/varnish.${date}.log > /var/log/varnish/old/varnish.${date}.log.gz
rm -f /var/log/varnish/varnish.${date}.log
rm -f /var/log/varnish/old/varnish$(date -d "-1 month" +"%Y%m*").log.gz
crontab -e
0 0 * * * /bin/sh /opt/shell/cutvarnishlog.sh > /dev/null 2>&1
6.查看运行统计
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishstat -n /opt/varnish/var/varnish
1+01:13:37 /opt/varnish/var/varnish
Hitrate ratio: 10 100 288
Hitrate avg: 0.9987 0.9981 0.9978
22251295 371.40 245.01 client_conn - Client connections accepted
22250487 371.40 245.00 client_req - Client requests received
22185321 371.40 244.29 cache_hit - Cache hits
62904 0.00 0.69 cache_miss - Cache misses
4615 0.00 0.05 backend_conn - Backend conn. success
22 0.00 0.00 backend_fail - Backend conn. failures
59164 0.00 0.65 backend_reuse - Backend conn. reuses
456 0.00 0.01 backend_toolate - Backend conn. was closed
59622 0.00 0.66 backend_recycle - Backend conn. recycles
47470 0.00 0.52 fetch_length - Fetch with Length
16307 0.00 0.18 fetch_chunked - Fetch chunked
2 0.00 0.00 fetch_close - Fetch wanted close
1873 . . n_sess_mem - N struct sess_mem
1834 . . n_sess - N struct sess
655 . . n_object - N struct object
685 . . n_objectcore - N struct objectcore
784 . . n_objecthead - N struct objecthead
405 . . n_waitinglist - N struct waitinglist
2 . . n_vbc - N struct vbc
31 . . n_wrk - N worker threads
381 0.00 0.00 n_wrk_create - N worker threads created
2584 0.00 0.03 n_wrk_queued - N queued work requests
2 . . n_backend - N backends
62227 . . n_expired - N expired objects
5365503 . . n_lru_moved - N LRU moved objects
1362 0.00 0.01 losthdr - HTTP header overflows
18551363 326.47 204.27 n_objwrite - Objects sent with write
22251295 371.40 245.01 s_sess - Total Sessions
22250487 371.40 245.00 s_req - Total Requests
898 0.00 0.01 s_pass - Total pass
63779 0.00 0.70 s_fetch - Total fetch
7539848276 127352.96 83022.43 s_hdrbytes - Total header bytes
141933911830 2248780.45 1562856.20 s_bodybytes - Total body bytes
22251292 371.40 245.01 sess_closed - Session Closed
1 0.00 0.00 sess_herd - Session herd
998035729 16610.26 10989.53 shm_records - SHM records
89193699 1488.60 982.13 shm_writes - SHM writes
328009 8.99 3.61 shm_cont - SHM MTX contention
385 0.00 0.00 shm_cycles - SHM cycles through buffer
1387 0.00 0.02 sms_nreq - SMS allocator requests
7.管理清除缓存
7.1通过Varnish管理端口进行管理
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3200 help
CLI connected to 127.0.0.1:3200
help [command]
ping [timestamp]
auth response
quit
banner
status
start
stop
vcl.load <configname> <filename>
vcl.inline <configname> <quoted_VCLstring>
vcl.use <configname>
vcl.discard <configname>
vcl.list
vcl.show <configname>
param.show [-l] [<param>]
param.set <param> <value>
panic.show
panic.clear
storage.list
ban.url <regexp>
ban <field> <operator> <arg> [&& <field> <oper> <arg>]...
ban.list
通过Varnish管理端口清除缓存,支持正则表达式,1.0时为url.purge参数：
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3200 ban.url /shanghai-4.html
例：清除所有缓存：
/opt/varnish/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3200 ban.url *$
7.2通过telnet方式清除
telnet 127.0.0.1 3200
Trying 127.0.0.1 ...
Connected to 127.0.0.1.
Escape character is '^]'.
200 205
-----------------------------
Varnish Cache CLI 1.0
-----------------------------
Linux,2.6.32-71.el6.i686,i686,-smalloc,-smalloc,-hcritbit
Type 'help' for command list.
Type 'quit' to close CLI session.
help
200 401
help [command]
ping [timestamp]
auth response
quit
banner
status
start
stop
vcl.load <configname> <filename>
vcl.inline <configname> <quoted_VCLstring>
vcl.use <configname>
vcl.discard <configname>
vcl.list
vcl.show <configname>
param.show [-l] [<param>]
param.set <param> <value>
panic.show
panic.clear
storage.list
ban.url <regexp>
ban <field> <operator> <arg> [&& <field> <oper> <arg>]...
ban.list
#1.0时的方法现在不支持
purge.url /shanghai-4.html
200 0 101 44
Unknown request.
Type 'help' for more info.
#正确方法
ban.url /shanghai-4.html
200 0
7.3通过php等其它web请求清除缓存
function purge($ip,$port=80,$domain, $url)
{
$errstr = '';
$errno = '';
$fp = fsockopen ($ip, $port, $errno, $errstr, 2);
if (!$fp)
{
return false;
}
else
{
$out = "PURGE $url HTTP/1.1rn";
$out .= "Host:$domainrn";
$out .= "Connection: closernrn";
fputs ($fp, $out);
$out = fgets($fp , 4096);
fclose ($fp);
return true;
}
}
purge('192.168.0.15','80','blog.c1gstudio.com','/shanghai-4.html');
8.varnish的nginx前端
测试下来nginx和varnish在同一机器上会产生大量time_wait,单独使用没有问题.
upstream mysvr {
server 127.0.0.1:82;
}
server
{
listen 80;
server_name static.c1gstudio.net;
index index.html index.htm index.php;
root /opt/lampp/htdocs/web;
location ~/.ht {
deny all;
}
location ~(favicon.ico) {
log_not_found off;
expires 99d;
break;
}
location ~ .*.(php|html|htm)?$
{
return 403;
}
location / {
valid_referers none blocked *.c1gstudio.com *.c1gstudio.net ;
if ($invalid_referer) {
rewrite ^/ http://leech.c1gstudio.com/leech.gif;
return 412;
break;
}
proxy_pass http://mysvr;
proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
}
access_log /var/log/nginx/static.c1gstudio.net.log access;
}
9.内核优化
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
sysctl -p
varnish服务器运行基本没有负载
top - 15:54:34 up 34 days, 23:49, 1 user, load average: 0.00, 0.01, 0.00
Tasks: 125 total, 1 running, 124 sleeping, 0 stopped, 0 zombie
Cpu(s): 1.8%us, 1.3%sy, 0.0%ni, 95.0%id, 0.4%wa, 0.0%hi, 1.5%si, 0.0%st
Mem: 2070548k total, 2017996k used, 52552k free, 83556k buffers
Swap: 2097144k total, 0k used, 2097144k free, 1612756k cached
PID USER PR NI VIRT RES SHR S %CPU %MEM TIME+ COMMAND
26631 www 20 0 228m 134m 81m S 7.6 6.7 74:46.86 varnishd
6070 www 20 0 31852 25m 1000 S 3.3 1.3 7:28.79 nginx
6071 www 20 0 31076 24m 1000 S 2.0 1.2 7:22.34 nginx
6068 www 20 0 31356 25m 976 S 1.7 1.3 7:21.36 nginx
tcp状态
netstat -n | awk ‘/^tcp/ {++S[$NF]} END {for(a in S) print a, S[a]}’
LAST_ACK 9
SYN_RECV 5
CLOSE_WAIT 3
ESTABLISHED 2083
FIN_WAIT1 95
FIN_WAIT2 247
TIME_WAIT 14412
声明： 此文观点不代表本站立场；转载须要保留原文链接；版权疑问请联系我们。
