本文介绍Varnish3.0.3详细安装配置过程，希望对于Varnish入门者给与帮助。更多Varnish资源请本站内搜索。
1.安装pcre库
cd pcre
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/pcre
make && make install
2.安装varnish
tar -zxvf varnish-3.0.3.tar.gz
cd varnish-3.0.3
export PKG_CONFIG_PATH=/usr/local/pcre/lib/pkgconfig/
./configure --prefix=/usr/local/webserver/varnish
make && make install
3.配置
backend webserver1 {
.host = "127.0.0.1";
.port = "8197";
}
backend webserver2 {
.host = "127.0.0.1";
.port = "5566";
}
director videowebserver random{
{.backend = webserver1;.weight = 5;}
{.backend = webserver2;.weight = 5;}
}
acl purge{
"localhost";
"127.0.0.1";
“192.168.0.1”/26；
}
#
# Below is a commented-out copy of the default VCL logic. If you
# redefine any of these subroutines, the built-in logic will be
# appended to your code.
sub vcl_recv {
#开启压缩模式，图片格式取消压缩
if (req.http.Accept-Encoding) {
if (req.url ~ ".(jpg|png|gif|jpeg|flv|swf|ico|bmp|tif|tiff|img)" ) {
remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
remove req.http.Cookie;
} else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "gzip") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "gzip";
} else if (req.http.Accept-Encoding ~ "deflate") {
set req.http.Accept-Encoding = "deflate";
} else {
remove req.http.Accept-Encoding;
}
}
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
if (!client.ip ~ purge) {
error 405 "Not allowed.";
}elseif (req.url ~ ".(php|php5|cgi) ($|?)"){
return (pass);
}
return (lookup);
}
if (req.http.host ~ "^192.168.0.1:5577") {
set req.backend = videowebserver;
if (req.request != "GET" && req.request != "HEAD") {
return (pipe);
}
elseif (req.url ~ ".(cgi|php|php5) ($|?)")
{
return (pass);
}
elseif (req.http.Authenticate || req.http.Authorizationi || req.http.Cookie){
return (pass);
}
return (lookup);
}else {
if (req.http.host ~ "^112.124.0.233:5679") {
set req.backend = webserver1;
}else{
error 404 "zhukai Cache Server";
}
return (lookup);
}
if (req.request != "GET" &&
req.request != "HEAD" &&
req.request != "PUT" &&
req.request != "POST" &&
req.request != "TRACE" &&
req.request != "OPTIONS" &&
req.request != "DELETE") {
return (pipe);
}
return (lookup);
}
sub vcl_pipe {
return (pipe);
}
sub vcl_pass {
return (pass);
}
sub vcl_hash {
hash_data(req.url);
if (req.http.host) {
hash_data(req.http.host);
} else {
hash_data(server.ip);
}
return (hash);
}
sub vcl_hit {
if (req.request == "PURGE") {
set obj.ttl = 0s;
error 200 "purge";
}
#if (obj.http.Vary) {
# unset obj.http.Vary;
#}
return (deliver);
}
sub vcl_miss {
if(req.request == "PURGE") {
error 404 "not in cache";
}
return (fetch);
}
}
sub vcl_fetch {
#if (beresp.http.Set-Cookie) {
# return (pass);
#}
if (req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ ".(css|js|html|htm)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 1d;
}
if( req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ ".(gif|jpg|jpeg|png|bmp|ico|img|bmp|xmf|tif|tiff)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 7d;
}
if( req.request == "GET" && req.url ~ ".(swf|mp3|mp4|wav|wmv|avi|rmvb)$") {
set beresp.ttl = 10d;
}
return (deliver);
}
#
sub vcl_deliver {
if (obj.hits > 0) {
set resp.http.X-Cache = "hit from v.q.com";
}else{
set resp.http.X-Cache = "miss from v.l.com";
}
return (deliver);
}
4.启动varnish
mkdir -p /data_disk/varnish/cache/
touch /data_disk/varnish/log
chmod -R 777 /data_disk/varnish
/data_disk/webserver/sbin/varnishd -f /data_disk/webserver/etc/varnish/movie.vcl -s malloc,512M -a0.0.0.0:5577 -w 512,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/ -p thread_pools=4 ，lru_interval=43200，listen_depth=5000
thread_pools：用来设置线程池的数量。一般和cpu数目相同就好，设置多一些pool，varnish并发处理能力更强，但是会消耗更多的cpu和内存。
lru_inerval：内存中一个对象超过了这个时间还没有被重用时，就从lru队列中移除
listen_depth:设置tcp连接的队列长度，设置大一些提高并发能力
5.启动varnishncsa用来将Varnish访问日志写入日志文件：
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishncsa -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/ -w /data_disk/varnish/log &
6.查看varnish进程
ps -ef | grep varnish
察看端口80和3500处于监听状态
netstan -antl | grep 3500
7.管理varnish运行日志
#!/bin/sh
date=$(date -d "yesterday" +"%Y-%m-%d")
pkill -9 varnishncsa
mv /data_disk/varnish/log /data_disk/varnish/logs/${date}.log
/usr/local/webserver/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/ -w /data_disk/varnish/log &
8.配置开机启动varnish
vi /etc/rc.local
/usr/local/webserver/varnish/sbin/varnishd -f /usr/local/webserver/varnish/etc/varnish/movie.vcl -s malloc,512M -a0.0.0.0:5577 -w 512,51200,10 -T 127.0.0.1:3500 -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/ -p thread_pools=4,lru_interval=43200,listen_depth=5000
/usr/local/webserver/varnish/bin/varnishncsa -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/ -w /data_disk/varnish/log &
9.优化linux内核参数
vi /etc/sysctl.conf
在末尾增加以下内容：
net.ipv4.tcp_fin_timeout = 30
net.ipv4.tcp_keepalive_time = 300
net.ipv4.tcp_syncookies = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_reuse = 1
net.ipv4.tcp_tw_recycle = 1
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 5000 65000
10.管理varnish
10.1察看varnish缓存效果
[email protected]:/home/zhukai# curl -I http://111.111.111.111/movie-1.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.2.4
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.14
Pragma: no-cache
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2013 07:30:38 GMT
X-Varnish: 580099933
Age: 0
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: miss from v.languang.com
[email protected]:/home/zhukai# curl -I http://111.111.111.111/movie-1.html
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.2.4
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Powered-By: PHP/5.2.14
Pragma: no-cache
Date: Fri, 29 Nov 2013 07:30:44 GMT
X-Varnish: 580099934 580099933
Age: 5
Via: 1.1 varnish
Connection: keep-alive
X-Cache: hit from v.languang.com
前后对比缓存命中
察看varnish缓存状态
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishstat -n /data_disk/varnish/cache/
10.2通过Varnish管理端口进行管理：
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 help
help [command]
ping [timestamp]
auth response
quit
banner
status
start
stop
vcl.load <configname> <filename>
vcl.inline <configname> <quoted_VCLstring>
vcl.use <configname>
vcl.discard <configname>
vcl.list
vcl.show <configname>
param.show [-l] [<param>]
param.set <param> <value>
panic.show
panic.clear
storage.list
backend.list
backend.set_health matcher state
ban.url <regexp>
ban <field> <operator> <arg> [&& <field> <oper> <arg>]...
ban.list
10.3 通过varnish管理端口清除缓存
清除缓存内容命令格式如下：
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 ban.url <regexp>
列出最近清除的详细url列表
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 ban.list
（可能各个版本不同）
1.清除/a/b/s*.html
/data_disk/webserver/bin/varnishadm -T 127.0.0.1:3500 ban.url ^/a/b/s.*$
2.一个清除Squid缓存的PHP函数（清除Varnish缓存同样可以使用该函数，无需作任何修改，十分方便）：
<?php
function purge($ip, $url)
{
$errstr = '';
$errno = '';
$fp = fsockopen ($ip, 80, $errno, $errstr, 2);
if (!$fp)
{
return false;
}
else
{
$out = "ban.url $url HTTP/1.1rn";
$out .= "Host:example.comrn";
$out .= "Connection: closernrn";
fputs ($fp, $out);
$out = fgets($fp , 4096);
fclose ($fp);
return true;
}
}
purge("192.168.0.4", "/index.php");
?>
grace mode如果后端需要很长时间来生成一个对象，这里有一个线程堆积的风险。为了避免这 种情况，你可以使用 Grace。他可以让varnish 提供一个存在的版本，然后从后端生成新 的目标版本。
当同时有多个请求过来的时候，varnish只发送一个请求到后端服务器，在“set beresp.grace = 30m; ”时间内复制旧的请求结果给客户端。
vcl_fetch
如果您的服务每秒有数千万的点击率，那么这个队列是庞大的，没有用户喜欢等待服务器响应。为了使用过期的 cache 给用户提供服务，我们需要增加他们的 TTL，保存所有cache 中的内容在 TTL过期以后30 分钟内不删除，使用以下VCL：
sub vcl_fetch {
set beresp.grace = 30m;
}
vcl_recv
Varnish 还不会使用过期的目标给用户提供服务，所以我们需要配置以下代码，在cache过期后的15 秒内，使用旧的内容提供服务：
sub vcl_recv {
set req.grace = 15s;
}
为什么要多保存过去的内容 30 分钟？当然，如果你使用了健康检查，你可以通过健康状态设置保存的时间：
if (! req.backend.healthy) {
set req.grace = 5m;
} else {
set req.grace = 15s;
}
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