nginx服务器使用alias设置虚拟目录

root /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/passport;

设置php文件转发给fastcgi：

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

现在的要求是实现二级目录转发，这在apache中很简单，做个二级目录的alias即可：

alias /lowgame/ " /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowgame/"

在nginx中的对应写法是：

location /lowgame/ {

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowgame/;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

}

至此，访问localhost/lowgame/ddd.jpg等非php文件即相当于访问/data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowgame/ddd.jpg，这已经不成问题。现在很多人都会面临一个问题：我们想当然的希望/lowgame/*.php文件也提交给fastcgi解析，结果并非这样，当我访问localhost/lowgame/ddd.php的时候，fastcgi返回一个错误：

No input file specified.

ddd.php千真万确存在，权限也无问题，显然是fastcgi找不到文件，nginx实际上提交这个路径/data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/passport/lowgame/ddd.php，当然找不到了。尝试添加以下代码：

location ~ /lowgame/(.*/)?.*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

但会先匹配到上面的location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$，在网上搜了一番，没有一个中用的。后来想到apache的虚拟主机配置有个策略就是特定的二级域名写在前面，如果最后都没匹配到，最后再设置一个通用的匹配。nginx是不是也有这个特性呢？把location ~ /lowgame/(.*/)?.*.(php|php5)?$代码段放到location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$代码段的前面，终于搞定！ 以下是我的nginx配置文件：

user www www;

worker_processes 2;

error_log /data0/logs/nginx_error.log crit;

pid /usr/local/webserver/nginx/nginx.pid;

#Specifies the value for maximum file descriptors that can be opened by this process.

worker_rlimit_nofile 65535;

events

{

use epoll;

worker_connections 65535;

}

http

{

include mime.types;

default_type application/octet-stream;

#charset gb2312;

server_names_hash_bucket_size 128;

client_header_buffer_size 32k;

large_client_header_buffers 4 32k;

client_max_body_size 8m;

sendfile on;

tcp_nopush on;

keepalive_timeout 60;

tcp_nodelay on;

fastcgi_connect_timeout 300;

fastcgi_send_timeout 300;

fastcgi_read_timeout 300;

fastcgi_buffer_size 64k;

fastcgi_buffers 4 64k;

fastcgi_busy_buffers_size 128k;

fastcgi_temp_file_write_size 128k;

gzip on;

gzip_min_length 1k;

gzip_buffers 4 16k;

gzip_http_version 1.0;

gzip_comp_level 2;

gzip_types text/plain application/x-javascript text/css application/xml;

gzip_vary on;

#limit_zone crawler $binary_remote_addr 10m;

server

{

listen 80;

server_name localhost;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$

{

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

log_format access ‘$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] “$request” ‘

‘$status $body_bytes_sent “$http_referer” ‘

‘”$http_user_agent” $http_x_forwarded_for’;

access_log /data0/logs/access.log access;

location /status {

stub_status on;

access_log off;

#auth_basic “NginxStatus”;

#auth_basic_user_file conf/htpasswd;

}

}

server

{

listen 80;

server_name localpassport.nb;

index index.html index.htm index.php;

root /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/passport;

access_log /data0/logs/access.log access;

#limit_conn crawler 20;

# 以下的貌似注释掉也会自动加斜线

# optimize_server_names off; 此方法已不推荐使用

server_name_in_redirect off; ## 这两行及下面三行是为了让子目录自动加 /

if (-d $request_filename) {

# rewrite ^/(.*)([^/])$ http://$host/$1$2/ permanent;

}

location ~ ^/(lowgame|lowproxy|lowadmin|passportadmin)/(.*.php)$

{

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/$1/$2;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location ~ .*.(php|php5)?$ {

#fastcgi_pass unix:/tmp/php-cgi.sock;

fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;

fastcgi_index index.php;

include fcgi.conf;

}

location /lowgame/ {

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowgame/;

}

location /lowproxy/ {

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowproxy/;

}

location /lowadmin/ {

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/lowadmin/;

}

location /passportadmin/ {

alias /data0/htdocs/NetBeansProjects/_example/passportadmin/;

}

}

}

注：location的写法：

location = / {…} #等号精确匹配

location path {…} #路径名表示匹配所有以这开头的，因此/表示匹配所有

loation ~ regex {…} #~后接正则表达式，按正则匹配

location ^~ regex {…} #^即取非之意，应该是表示不匹配regex的时候，尝试用过，不太好用。比如：

server {

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ~ ^/test/ {

index index.htm index.html index.php;

}

}

意思很好理解，访问localhost/test/时匹配location ~ ^/test/的设置，即显示index.htm，如果是这样呢：

server {

index index.html index.htm index.php;

location ^~ ^/test/ {

index index.htm index.html index.php;

}

}

此时的意义显然不是“除test/目录以外的所有访问均匹配location ^~ ^/test/设置”，笔者访问localhost/，仍然显示index.html，而不是index.htm。

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