首先你应该了解的是邮件收发的过程,使用的各种协议。因为我的空间不知道怎么的,图片都显示不了了。所以这里就只能大概的给各位讲讲了,要看图片的可以到我的相册去看。首先我们的客户端也就是我们的桌面电脑会装一个邮件客户端软件,比如outlook express,thunderbird,mutt等等,这些客户端软件可以使我们能编辑我们要发送的邮件,已经通过这个客户端软件和我们的邮件服务器相连接。这时候我们的客户端就叫做MUA(mail user agent)。然后我们编辑好要发送的邮件之后,就要传送到我们的邮件服务器上,而不是直接发送给我们的目的人。我们的邮件服务器上会装邮件服务器的软件,用来接收,处理,转发我们的客户端发来的邮件。邮件服务器就叫做MTA(mail transfer agent)这里我们当然是以linux主机做邮件服务器了,服务器上面运行的是SMTP协议软件,当然我们的邮件服务器上有很多用户账号啦,这些账号就是我们的客户端要申请的合法账号,就像你在yahoo上申请的邮箱账号一样,一个账号对应一个邮箱空间,这些都是在我们的邮件服务器上做好了设置了。我们的客户端,第一步要取得邮件服务器上的合法账号,已取得在上面的邮件收发资格。第二步通过邮件客户端软件运行POP3协议来连接我们的邮件服务器,我们的邮件服务器也通过POP3协议来接受客户端的连接。然后我们的客户端通过邮客户端软件将编辑好的邮件传送到收件人啦,这时候邮件服务器会检查邮件的收件人,如果收件人也在本机上,那么我们的邮件服务器就直接将这封邮件发送给收件人所在的邮箱咯。如果收件人不在本机上呢,那么邮件服务器就要根据设置将邮件通过SMTP协议转发到指定的下一台邮件服务器(那个下一台邮件服务器是管理员设置好的,不是随便转发的),转发到下一台邮件服务器后,那台服务器检查收件人,如果收件人是本机上的合法邮件账号,就收下,然后送到他的邮箱里。然后我们的收件人也是通过邮件客户端软件,使用POP3协议和他的邮件服务器取得连接,然后登陆他的邮箱,发现有一封邮件来了,他就收下查看咯。呵呵,大体过程就是这样的。具体细节大家可自行查阅相关资料。所以我们收发邮件不是说,我要发给谁就直接能发给他的,是要经过邮件服务器慢慢周转的。好了不多说了,因为真的图片显示不了,没办法图文并茂了。下面给出Linux下的postfix服务器的配置,前提是你的DNS服务器已经做好了mail的解析,不然是收不到信的。
vi /etc/postfix/main.conf
#soft_bounce = no
queue_directory = /var/spool/postfix
command_directory = /usr/sbin
daemon_directory = /usr/libexec/postfix
mail_owner = postfix
#default_privs = nobody
myhostname = dyhlinux.dyh.com
#myhostname = virtual.domain.tld
mydomain = dyh.com
myorigin = $myhostname
#myorigin = $mydomain
inet_interfaces = all
#inet_interfaces = $myhostname
#inet_interfaces = $myhostname, localhost
#inet_interfaces = localhost
#proxy_interfaces =
#proxy_interfaces = 1.2.3.4
mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain,
localhost, www.dyh.com,
ftp.dyh.com
#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost,
$mydomain
#mydestination = $myhostname, localhost.$mydomain, localhost,
$mydomain,
# mail.$mydomain, www.$mydomain, ftp.$mydomain
# local_recipient_maps = (i.e. empty).
#
#local_recipient_maps = unix:passwd.byname
$alias_maps
#local_recipient_maps = proxy:unix:passwd.byname $alias_maps
#local_recipient_maps =
unknown_local_recipient_reject_code = 550
#
#
#mynetworks_style = class
#mynetworks_style = subnet
mynetworks_style = host
mynetworks = 10.100.16.0/21, 127.0.0.0/8,
hash:/etc/postfix/access
#mynetworks = $config_directory/mynetworks
#mynetworks = hash:/etc/postfix/network_table
#
#relay_domains = $mydestination
#relayhost = $mydomain
#relayhost = [gateway.my.domain]
#relayhost = [mailserver.isp.tld]
#relayhost = uucphost
#relayhost = [an.ip.add.ress]
#
#relay_recipient_maps =
hash:/etc/postfix/relay_recipients
#in_flow_delay = 1s
#
#alias_maps = dbm:/etc/aliases
alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases
#alias_maps = hash:/etc/aliases, nis:mail.aliases
#alias_maps = netinfo:/aliases
#alias_database = dbm:/etc/aliases
#alias_database = dbm:/etc/mail/aliases
alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases
#alias_database = hash:/etc/aliases,
hash:/opt/majordomo/aliases
#recipient_delimiter = +
#home_mailbox = Mailbox
#home_mailbox = Maildir/
#mail_spool_directory = /var/mail
#mail_spool_directory = /var/spool/mail
#mailbox_command = /some/where/procmail
#mailbox_command = /some/where/procmail -a
"$EXTENSION"
#mailbox_transport =
lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp
#
# mailbox_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp
#
# local_destination_recipient_limit = 300
# local_destination_concurrency_limit = 5
#
#mailbox_transport = cyrus
#fallback_transport = lmtp:unix:/var/lib/imap/socket/lmtp
#fallback_transport =
#luser_relay = $user@other.host
#luser_relay = $local@other.host
#luser_relay = admin+$local
#
#header_checks = regexp:/etc/postfix/header_checks
#fast_flush_domains = $relay_domains
#smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
smtpd_banner = $myhostname ESMTP $mail_name
($mail_version)
#local_destination_concurrency_limit = 2
#default_destination_concurrency_limit = 20
debug_peer_level = 2
#debug_peer_list = 127.0.0.1
#debug_peer_list = some.domain
debugger_command =
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/X11R6/bin
xxgdb
$daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id & sleep
5
# debugger_command =
#
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/usr/local/bin; export PATH; (echo cont;
# echo where) | gdb
$daemon_directory/$process_name $process_id 2>&1
#
>$config_directory/$process_name.$process_id.log & sleep
5
#
# debugger_command =
#
PATH=/bin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/usr/sbin; export PATH; screen
# -dmS $process_name gdb
$daemon_directory/$process_name
# $process_id & sleep
1
sendmail_path = /usr/sbin/sendmail.postfix
newaliases_path = /usr/bin/newaliases.postfix
mailq_path = /usr/bin/mailq.postfix
setgid_group = postdrop
html_directory = no
manpage_directory = /usr/share/man
sample_directory =
/usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/samples
readme_directory = /usr/share/doc/postfix-2.3.3/README_FILES
message_size_limit =
31457280
mailbox_size_limit = 524288000
#smtp
broken_sasl_auth_clients = yes
smtpd_reipient_restrictions = permit_mynetworks,
permit_sasl_authenticated,
reject_unauth_destinations
smtpd_sasl_auth_enable = yes
smtpd_sasl_security_options = noanonymous
上面的配置是带SMTP验证的配置,什么是SMTP呢,这个大家暂时就理解是一个转发的时候的验证吧,就是如果你的收件人不是在你的邮件服务器上,那么就要通过下一台邮件服务器转发咯,那台服务器接收到你的邮件后会检查你,就是进行SMTP验证。如果验证不合格就不给你转发了。大概就是这个意思吧。呵呵。还有大家在配置邮件服务器的时候还要启动dovecot这个服务,因为上面说过嘛,我们的邮件服务器也要运行pop3协议来接受我们的客户端的连接。这个服务就是提供这个服务的,当然还有其他很多用途,主要就是这个用途。
vi /etc/dovecot.conf
## Dovecot configuration file
# If you're in a hurry, see http://wiki.dovecot.org/QuickConfiguration
# "dovecot -n" command gives a clean output of the
changed settings. Use it
# instead of copy&pasting this file when posting to the Dovecot
mailing list.
# '#' character and everything after it is treated as
comments. Extra spaces
# and tabs are ignored. If you want to use either of these
explicitly, put the
# value inside quotes, eg.: key = "# char and trailing
whitespace "
# Default values are shown for each setting, it's not
required to uncomment
# any of the lines.
# Base directory where to store runtime data.
#base_dir = /var/run/dovecot/
# Protocols we want to be serving: imap imaps pop3
pop3s
# If you only want to use dovecot-auth, you can set this to
"none".
protocols = pop3
listen = *
# IP or host address where to listen in for connections.
It's not currently
# possible to specify multiple addresses. "*" listens in all IPv4
interfaces.
# "[::]" listens in all IPv6 interfaces, but may also listen in all
IPv4
# interfaces depending on the operating system.
#
# If you want to specify ports for each service, you will need to
configure
# these settings inside the protocol imap/pop3 { ... } section, so
you can
# specify different ports for IMAP/POP3. For example:
# protocol imap {
# listen = *:10143
# ssl_listen = *:10943
# ..
# }
# protocol pop3 {
# listen = *:10100
# ..
# }
#listen = [::]
# Disable LOGIN command and all other plaintext
authentications unless
# SSL/TLS is used (LOGINDISABLED capability). Note that if the
remote IP
# matches the local IP (ie. you're connecting from the same
computer), the
# connection is considered secure and plaintext authentication is
allowed.
#disable_plaintext_auth = no
# Should all IMAP and POP3 processes be killed when
Dovecot master process
# shuts down. Setting this to "no" means that Dovecot can be
upgraded without
# forcing existing client connections to close (although that could
also be
# a problem if the upgrade is eg. because of a security fix). This
however
# means that after master process has died, the client processes
can't write
# to log files anymore.
#shutdown_clients = yes
##
## Logging
##
# Log file to use for error messages, instead of sending
them to syslog.
# /dev/stderr can be used to log into stderr.
#log_path =
# Log file to use for informational and debug
messages.
# Default is the same as log_path.
#info_log_path =
# Prefix for each line written to log file. % codes are
in strftime(3)
# format.
#log_timestamp = "%b %d %H:%M:%S "
# Syslog facility to use if you're logging to syslog.
Usually if you don't
# want to use "mail", you'll use local0..local7. Also other
standard
# facilities are supported.
#syslog_facility = mail
##
## SSL settings
##
# IP or host address where to listen in for SSL
connections. Defaults
# to above if not specified.
#ssl_listen =
# Disable SSL/TLS support.
#ssl_disable = no
# PEM encoded X.509 SSL/TLS certificate and private key.
They're opened before
# dropping root privileges, so keep the key file unreadable by
anyone but
# root. Included doc/mkcert.sh can be used to easily generate
self-signed
# certificate, just make sure to update the domains in
dovecot-openssl.cnf
#ssl_cert_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/certs/dovecot.pem
#ssl_key_file = /etc/pki/dovecot/private/dovecot.pem
# If key file is password protected, give the password
here. Alternatively
# give it when starting dovecot with -p parameter. Since this file
is often
# world-readable, you may want to place this setting instead to a
different
# root owned 0600 file by using !include_try <path>.
#ssl_key_password =
# File containing trusted SSL certificate authorities.
Usually not needed.
# The CAfile should contain the CA-certificate(s) followed by the
matching
# CRL(s). CRL checking is new in dovecot .rc1
#ssl_ca_file =
# Request client to send a certificate. If you also want
to require it, set
# ssl_require_client_cert=yes in auth section.
#ssl_verify_client_cert = no
# How often to regenerate the SSL parameters file.
Generation is quite CPU
# intensive operation. The value is in hours, 0 disables
regeneration
# entirely.
#ssl_parameters_regenerate = 168
# SSL ciphers to use
#ssl_cipher_list = ALL:!LOW
# Show protocol level SSL errors.
#verbose_ssl = no
##
## Login processes
##
# <doc/wiki/LoginProcess.txt>
# Directory where authentication process places
authentication UNIX sockets
# which login needs to be able to connect to. The sockets are
created when
# running as root, so you don't have to worry about permissions.
Note that
# everything in this directory is deleted when Dovecot is
started.
#login_dir = /var/run/dovecot/login
# chroot login process to the login_dir. Only reason not
to do this is if you
# wish to run the whole Dovecot without roots.
<doc/wiki/Rootless.txt>
#login_chroot = yes
# User to use for the login process. Create a completely
new user for this,
# and don't use it anywhere else. The user must also belong to a
group where
# only it has access, it's used to control access for
authentication process.
# Note that this user is NOT used to access mails.
<doc/wiki/UserIds.txt>
#login_user = dovecot
# Set max. process size in megabytes. If you don't
use
# login_process_per_connection you might need to grow this.
#login_process_size = 64
# Should each login be processed in it's own process
(yes), or should one
# login process be allowed to process multiple connections (no)?
Yes is more
# secure, espcially with SSL/TLS enabled. No is faster since
there's no need
# to create processes all the time.
#login_process_per_connection = yes
# Number of login processes to keep for listening new
connections.
#login_processes_count = 3
# Maximum number of login processes to create. The
listening process count
# usually stays at login_processes_count, but when multiple users
start logging
# in at the same time more extra processes are created. To prevent
fork-bombing
# we check only once in a second if new processes should be created
- if all
# of them are used at the time, we double their amount until the
limit set by
# this setting is reached.
#login_max_processes_count = 128
# Maximum number of connections allowed per each login
process. This setting
# is used only if login_process_per_connection=no. Once the limit
is reached,
# the process notifies master so that it can create a new login
process.
# You should make sure that the process has at least
# 16 + login_max_connections * 2 available file descriptors.
#login_max_connections = 256
# Greeting message for clients.
#login_greeting = Dovecot ready.
# Space-separated list of elements we want to log. The
elements which have
# a non-empty variable value are joined together to form a
comma-separated
# string.
#login_log_format_elements = user=<%u> method=%m rip=%r
lip=%l %c
# Login log format. %$ contains
login_log_format_elements string, %s contains
# the data we want to log.
#login_log_format = %$: %s
##
## Mailbox locations and namespaces
##
# Location for users' mailboxes. This is the same as the
old default_mail_env
# setting. The default is empty, which means that Dovecot tries to
find the
# mailboxes automatically. This won't work if the user doesn't have
any mail
# yet, so you should explicitly tell Dovecot the full location.
#
# If you're using mbox, giving a path to the INBOX file (eg.
/var/mail/%u)
# isn't enough. You'll also need to tell Dovecot where the other
mailboxes are
# kept. This is called the "root mail directory", and it must be
the first
# path given in the mail_location setting.
#
# There are a few special variables you can use, eg.:
#
# %u - username
# %n - user part in user@domain, same as %u if there's no
domain
# %d - domain part in user@domain, empty if there's no
domain
# %h - home directory
#
# See doc/wiki/Variables.txt for full list. Some examples:
#
# mail_location = maildir:~/Maildir
# mail_location = mbox:~/mail:INBOX=/var/mail/%u
# mail_location =
mbox:/var/mail/%d/%1n/%n:INDEX=/var/indexes/%d/%1n/%n
#
# <doc/wiki/MailLocation.txt>
#
#mail_location =
# If you need to set multiple mailbox locations or want
to change default
# namespace settings, you can do it by defining namespace
sections.
# NOTE: Namespaces currently work ONLY with IMAP! POP3 and LDA
currently ignore
# namespaces completely, they use only the mail_location
setting.
#
# You can have private, shared and public namespaces. The only
difference
# between them is how Dovecot announces them to client via
NAMESPACE
# extension. Shared namespaces are meant for user-owned mailboxes
which are
# shared to other users, while public namespaces are for more
globally
# accessible mailboxes.
#
# REMEMBER: If you add any namespaces, the default namespace must
be added
# explicitly, ie. mail_location does nothing unless you have a
namespace
# without a location setting. Default namespace is simply done by
having a
# namespace with empty prefix.
#namespace private {
# Hierarchy separator to use. You should use the same
separator for all
# namespaces or some clients get confused. '/' is
usually a good one.
# The default however depends on the underlying mail
storage format.
#separator =
# Prefix required to access this namespace.
This needs to be different for
# all namespaces. For example "Public/".
#prefix =
# Physical location of the mailbox. This is
in same format as
# mail_location, which is also the default for it.
#location =
# There can be only one INBOX, and this
setting defines which namespace
# has it.
#inbox = yes
# If namespace is hidden, it's not
advertised to clients via NAMESPACE
# extension or shown in LIST replies. This is mostly
useful when converting
# from another server with different namespaces which
you want to depricate
# but still keep working. For example you can create
hidden namespaces with
# prefixes "~/mail/", "~%u/mail/" and "mail/".
#hidden = yes
#}
# Group to enable temporarily for privileged operations.
Currently this is
# used only for creating mbox dotlock files when creation fails for
INBOX.
# Typically this is set to "mail" to give access to /var/mail.
#mail_privileged_group =
# Grant access to these supplementary groups for mail
processes. Typically
# these are used to set up access to shared mailboxes. Note that it
may be
# dangerous to set these if users can create symlinks (e.g. if
"mail" group is
# set here, ln -s /var/mail ~/mail/var could allow a user to delete
others'
# mailboxes, or ln -s /secret/shared/box ~/mail/mybox would allow
reading it).
#mail_access_groups =
# Allow full filesystem access to clients. There's no
access checks other than
# what the operating system does for the active UID/GID. It works
with both
# maildir and mboxes, allowing you to prefix mailboxes names with
eg. /path/
# or ~user/.
#mail_full_filesystem_access = no
##
## Mail processes
##
# Enable mail process debugging. This can help you
figure out why Dovecot
# isn't finding your mails.
#mail_debug = no
# Log prefix for mail processes. See
doc/wiki/Variables.txt for list of
# possible variables you can use.
#mail_log_prefix = "%Us(%u): "
# Max. number of lines a mail process is allowed to log
per second before it's
# throttled. 0 means unlimited. Typically there's no need to change
this
# unless you're using mail_log plugin, which may log a lot.
#mail_log_max_lines_per_sec = 10
# Don't use mmap() at all. This is required if you store
indexes to shared
# filesystems (NFS or clustered filesystem).
#mmap_disable = no
# Don't write() to mmaped files. This is required for
some operating systems
# which use separate caches for them, such as OpenBSD.
#mmap_no_write = no
# Rely on O_EXCL to work when creating dotlock files.
The default is to use
# hard linking. O_EXCL makes the dotlocking faster, but it doesn't
always
# work with NFS.
#dotlock_use_excl = no
# Don't use fsync() or fdatasync() calls. This makes the
performance better
# at the cost of potential data loss if the server (or the file
server)
# goes down.
#fsync_disable = no
# Locking method for index files. Alternatives are
fcntl, flock and dotlock.
# Dotlocking uses some tricks which may create more disk I/O than
other locking
# methods. NFS users: flock doesn't work, remember to change
mmap_disable.
#lock_method = fcntl
# Drop all privileges before exec()ing the mail process.
This is mostly
# meant for debugging, otherwise you don't get core dumps. It could
be a small
# security risk if you use single UID for multiple users, as the
users could
# ptrace() each others processes then.
#mail_drop_priv_before_exec = no
# Show more verbose process titles (in ps). Currently
shows user name and
# IP address. Useful for seeing who are actually using the IMAP
processes
# (eg. shared mailboxes or if same uid is used for multiple
accounts).
#verbose_proctitle = no
# Valid UID range for users, defaults to 500 and above.
This is mostly
# to make sure that users can't log in as daemons or other system
users.
# Note that denying root logins is hardcoded to dovecot binary and
can't
# be done even if first_valid_uid is set to 0.
#first_valid_uid = 500
#last_valid_uid = 0
# Valid GID range for users, defaults to non-root/wheel.
Users having
# non-valid GID as primary group ID aren't allowed to log in. If
user
# belongs to supplementary groups with non-valid GIDs, those groups
are
# not set.
#first_valid_gid = 1
#last_valid_gid = 0
# Maximum number of running mail processes. When this
limit is reached,
# new users aren't allowed to log in.
#max_mail_processes = 1024
# Set max. process size in megabytes. Most of the memory
goes to mmap()ing
# files, so it shouldn't harm much even if this limit is set pretty
high.
#mail_process_size = 256
# Maximum allowed length for mail keyword name. It's
only forced when trying
# to create new keywords.
#mail_max_keyword_length = 50
# ':' separated list of directories under which
chrooting is allowed for mail
# processes (ie. /var/mail will allow chrooting to
/var/mail/foo/bar too).
# This setting doesn't affect login_chroot or auth chroot
variables.
# WARNING: Never add directories here which local users can modify,
that
# may lead to root exploit. Usually this should be done only if you
don't
# allow shell access for users. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
#valid_chroot_dirs =
# Default chroot directory for mail processes. This can
be overridden for
# specific users in user database by giving /./ in user's home
directory
# (eg. /home/./user chroots into /home). Note that usually there is
no real
# need to do chrooting, Dovecot doesn't allow users to access files
outside
# their mail directory anyway. <doc/wiki/Chrooting.txt>
#mail_chroot =
##
## Mailbox handling optimizations
##
# Space-separated list of fields to initially save into
cache file. Currently
# these fields are allowed:
#
# flags, date.sent, date.received, size.virtual,
size.physical
# mime.parts, imap.body, imap.bodystructure
#
# Different IMAP clients work in different ways, so they benefit
from
# different cached fields. Some do not benefit from them at all.
Caching more
# than necessary generates useless disk I/O, so you don't want to
do that
# either.
#
# Dovecot attempts to automatically figure out what client wants
and it keeps
# only that. However the first few times a mailbox is opened,
Dovecot hasn't
# yet figured out what client needs, so it may not perform
optimally. If you
# know what fields the majority of your clients need, it may be
useful to set
# these fields by hand. If client doesn't actually use them,
Dovecot will
# eventually drop them.
#
# Usually you should just leave this field alone. The potential
benefits are
# typically unnoticeable.
#mail_cache_fields =
# Space-separated list of fields that Dovecot should
never save to cache file.
# Useful if you want to save disk space at the cost of more I/O
when the fields
# needed.
#mail_never_cache_fields =
# The minimum number of mails in a mailbox before
updates are done to cache
# file. This allows optimizing Dovecot's behavior to do less disk
writes at
# the cost of more disk reads.
#mail_cache_min_mail_count = 0
# When IDLE command is running, mailbox is checked once
in a while to see if
# there are any new mails or other changes. This setting defines
the minimum
# time in seconds to wait between those checks. Dovecot can also
use dnotify,
# inotify and kqueue to find out immediately when changes
occur.
#mailbox_idle_check_interval = 30
# Save mails with CR+LF instead of plain LF. This makes
sending those mails
# take less CPU, especially with sendfile() syscall with Linux and
FreeBSD.
# But it also creates a bit more disk I/O which may just make it
slower.
# Also note that if other software reads the mboxes/maildirs, they
may handle
# the extra CRs wrong and cause problems.
#mail_save_crlf = no
##
## Maildir-specific settings
##
# By default LIST command returns all entries in maildir
beginning with a dot.
# Enabling this option makes Dovecot return only entries which are
directories.
# This is done by stat()ing each entry, so it causes more disk
I/O.
# (For systems setting struct dirent->d_type, this check is free
and it's
# done always regardless of this setting)
#maildir_stat_dirs = no
# When copying a message, do it with hard links whenever
possible. This makes
# the performance much better, and it's unlikely to have any side
effects.
#maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = no
# When copying a message, try to preserve the base
filename. Only if the
# destination mailbox already contains the same name (ie. the mail
is being
# copied there twice), a new name is given. The destination
filename check is
# done only by looking at dovecot-uidlist file, so if something
outside
# Dovecot does similar filename preserving copies, you may run into
problems.
# NOTE: This setting requires maildir_copy_with_hardlinks = yes to
work.
#maildir_copy_preserve_filename = no
##
## mbox-specific settings
##
# Which locking methods to use for locking mbox. There
are four available:
# dotlock: Create <mailbox>.lock file. This is the
oldest and most NFS-safe
#
solution. If you want to use /var/mail/ like directory, the
users
# will
need write access to that directory.
# fcntl : Use this if possible. Works with NFS too if
lockd is used.
# flock : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work
with NFS.
# lockf : May not exist in all systems. Doesn't work
with NFS.
#
# You can use multiple locking methods; if you do the order they're
declared
# in is important to avoid deadlocks if other MTAs/MUAs are using
multiple
# locking methods as well. Some operating systems don't allow using
some of
# them simultaneously.
#mbox_read_locks = fcntl
#mbox_write_locks = fcntl
# Maximum time in seconds to wait for lock (all of them)
before aborting.
#mbox_lock_timeout = 300
# If dotlock exists but the mailbox isn't modified in
any way, override the
# lock file after this many seconds.
#mbox_dotlock_change_timeout = 120
# When mbox changes unexpectedly we have to fully read
it to find out what
# changed. If the mbox is large this can take a long time. Since
the change
# is usually just a newly appended mail, it'd be faster to simply
read the
# new mails. If this setting is enabled, Dovecot does this but
still safely
# fallbacks to re-reading the whole mbox file whenever something in
mbox isn't
# how it's expected to be. The only real downside to this setting
is that if
# some other MUA changes message flags, Dovecot doesn't notice it
immediately.
# Note that a full sync is done with SELECT, EXAMINE, EXPUNGE and
CHECK
# commands.
#mbox_dirty_syncs = yes
# Like mbox_dirty_syncs, but don't do full syncs even
with SELECT, EXAMINE,
# EXPUNGE or CHECK commands. If this is set, mbox_dirty_syncs is
ignored.
#mbox_very_dirty_syncs = no
# Delay writing mbox headers until doing a full write
sync (EXPUNGE and CHECK
# commands and when closing the mailbox). This is especially useful
for POP3
# where clients often delete all mails. The downside is that our
changes
# aren't immediately visible to other MUAs.
#mbox_lazy_writes = yes
# If mbox size is smaller than this (in kilobytes),
don't write index files.
# If an index file already exists it's still read, just not
updated.
#mbox_min_index_size = 0
##
## dbox-specific settings
##
# Maximum dbox file size in kilobytes until it's
rotated.
#dbox_rotate_size = 2048
# Minimum dbox file size in kilobytes before it's
rotated
# (overrides dbox_rotate_days)
#dbox_rotate_min_size = 16
# Maximum dbox file age in days until it's rotated. Day
always begins from
# midnight, so 1 = today, 2 = yesterday, etc. 0 = check
disabled.
#dbox_rotate_days = 0
##
## IMAP specific settings
##
protocol imap {
# Login executable location.
#login_executable =
/usr/libexec/dovecot/imap-login
# IMAP executable location. Changing this allows
you to execute other
# binaries before the imap process is executed.
#
# This would write rawlogs into ~/dovecot.rawlog/
directory:
# mail_executable = /usr/libexec/dovecot/rawlog
/usr/libexec/dovecot/imap
#
# This would attach gdb into the imap process and write
backtraces into
# /tmp/gdbhelper.* files:
# mail_executable =
/usr/libexec/dovecot/gdbhelper /usr/libexec/dovecot/imap
#
#mail_executable = /usr/libexec/dovecot/imap
# Maximum IMAP command line length in bytes. Some
clients generate very long
# command lines with huge mailboxes, so you may need to
raise this if you get
# "Too long argument" or "IMAP command line too large"
errors often.
#imap_max_line_length = 65536
# Support for dynamically loadable plugins.
mail_plugins is a space separated
# list of plugins to load.
#mail_plugins =
#mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/imap
# Send IMAP capabilities in greeting message.
This makes it unnecessary for
# clients to request it with CAPABILITY command, so it saves
one round-trip.
# Many clients however don't understand it and ask the
CAPABILITY anyway.
#login_greeting_capability = no
# Override the IMAP CAPABILITY response.
#imap_capability =
# Workarounds for various client bugs:
# delay-newmail:
# Send EXISTS/RECENT new mail
notifications only when replying to NOOP
# and CHECK commands. Some clients
ignore them otherwise, for example OSX
# Mail (<v2.1). Outlook Express
breaks more badly though, without this it
# may show user "Message no longer
in server" errors. Note that OE6 still
# breaks even with this workaround
if synchronization is set to
# "Headers Only".
# outlook-idle:
# Outlook and Outlook Express never
abort IDLE command, so if no mail
# arrives in half a hour, Dovecot
closes the connection. This is still
# fine, except Outlook doesn't
connect back so you don't see if new mail
# arrives.
# netscape-eoh:
# Netscape 4.x breaks if message
headers don't end with the empty "end of
# headers" line. Normally all
messages have this, but setting this
# workaround makes sure that
Netscape never breaks by adding the line if
# it doesn't exist. This is done
only for FETCH BODY[HEADER.FIELDS..]
# commands. Note that RFC says this
shouldn't be done.
# tb-extra-mailbox-sep:
# With mbox storage a mailbox can
contain either mails or submailboxes,
# but not both. Thunderbird
separates these two by forcing server to
# accept '/' suffix in mailbox names
in subscriptions list.
# The list is space-separated.
#imap_client_workarounds = outlook-idle
}
##
## POP3 specific settings
##
protocol pop3 {
# Login executable location.
#login_executable =
/usr/libexec/dovecot/pop3-login
# POP3 executable location. See IMAP's
mail_executable above for examples
# how this could be changed.
#mail_executable = /usr/libexec/dovecot/pop3
# Don't try to set mails non-recent or seen with
POP3 sessions. This is
# mostly intended to reduce disk I/O. With maildir it
doesn't move files
# from new/ to cur/, with mbox it doesn't write
Status-header.
#pop3_no_flag_updates = no
# Support LAST command which exists in old POP3
specs, but has been removed
# from new ones. Some clients still wish to use this though.
Enabling this
# makes RSET command clear all /Seen flags from
messages.
#pop3_enable_last = no
# If mail has X-UIDL header, use it as the mail's
UIDL.
#pop3_reuse_xuidl = no
# Keep the mailbox locked for the entire POP3
session.
#pop3_lock_session = no
# POP3 UIDL (unique mail identifier) format to
use. You can use following
# variables:
#
# %v - Mailbox's IMAP UIDVALIDITY
# %u - Mail's IMAP UID
# %m - MD5 sum of the mailbox headers in hex (mbox
only)
# %f - filename (maildir only)
#
# If you want UIDL compatibility with other POP3 servers,
use:
# UW's
ipop3d :
%08Xv%08Xu
# Courier version 0 : %f
# Courier version 1 : %u
# Courier version 2 : %v-%u
# Cyrus (<= 2.1.3) : %u
# Cyrus (>= 2.1.4) : %v.%u
# Older Dovecots :
%v.%u
#
tpop3d
: %Mf
#
# Note that Outlook 2003 seems to have problems with %v.%u
format which was
# Dovecot's default, so if you're building a new server it
would be a good
# idea to change this. %08Xu%08Xv should be pretty
fail-safe.
#
# NOTE: Nowadays this is required to be set explicitly,
since the old
# default was bad but it couldn't be changed without
breaking existing
# installations. %08Xu%08Xv will be the new default, so use
it for new
# installations.
#
#pop3_uidl_format = %08Xu%08Xv
# POP3 logout format string:
# %t - number of TOP commands
# %p - number of bytes sent to client as a result of
TOP command
# %r - number of RETR commands
# %b - number of bytes sent to client as a result of
RETR command
# %d - number of deleted messages
# %m - number of messages (before deletion)
# %s - mailbox size in bytes (before deletion)
#pop3_logout_format = top=%t/%p, retr=%r/%b, del=%d/%m,
size=%s
# Support for dynamically loadable plugins.
mail_plugins is a space separated
# list of plugins to load.
#mail_plugins =
#mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/pop3
# Workarounds for various client bugs:
# outlook-no-nuls:
# Outlook and Outlook Express hang
if mails contain NUL characters.
# This setting replaces them with
0x80 character.
# oe-ns-eoh:
# Outlook Express and Netscape Mail
breaks if end of headers-line is
# missing. This option simply sends
it if it's missing.
# The list is space-separated.
#pop3_client_workarounds =
}
##
## LDA specific settings
##
protocol lda {
# Address to use when sending rejection mails.
postmaster_address = postmaster@example.com
# Hostname to use in various parts of sent mails,
eg. in Message-Id.
# Default is the system's real hostname.
#hostname =
# Support for dynamically loadable plugins.
mail_plugins is a space separated
# list of plugins to load.
#mail_plugins =
#mail_plugin_dir = /usr/lib/dovecot/lda
# Binary to use for sending mails.
#sendmail_path = /usr/lib/sendmail
# UNIX socket path to master authentication
server to find users.
#auth_socket_path = /var/run/dovecot/auth-master
}
##
## Authentication processes
##
# Executable location
#auth_executable = /usr/libexec/dovecot/dovecot-auth
# Set max. process size in megabytes.
#auth_process_size = 256
# Authentication cache size in kilobytes. 0 means it's
disabled.
# Note that bsdauth, PAM and vpopmail require cache_key to be set
for caching
# to be used.
#auth_cache_size = 0
# Time to live in seconds for cached data. After this many seconds
the cached
# record is no longer used, *except* if the main database lookup
returns
# internal failure. We also try to handle password changes
automatically: If
# user's previous authentication was successful, but this one
wasn't, the
# cache isn't used. For now this works only with plaintext
authentication.
#auth_cache_ttl = 3600
# Space separated list of realms for SASL authentication
mechanisms that need
# them. You can leave it empty if you don't want to support
multiple realms.
# Many clients simply use the first one listed here, so keep the
default realm
# first.
#auth_realms =
# Default realm/domain to use if none was specified.
This is used for both
# SASL realms and appending @domain to username in plaintext
logins.
#auth_default_realm =
# List of allowed characters in username. If the
user-given username contains
# a character not listed in here, the login automatically fails.
This is just
# an extra check to make sure user can't exploit any potential
quote escaping
# vulnerabilities with SQL/LDAP databases. If you want to allow all
characters,
# set this value to empty.
#auth_username_chars =
abcdefghijklmnopqrstuvwxyzABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ01234567890.-_@
# Username character translations before it's looked up
from databases. The
# value contains series of from -> to characters. For example
"#@/@" means
# that '#' and '/' characters are translated to '@'.
#auth_username_translation =
# Username formatting before it's looked up from
databases. You can use
# the standard variables here, eg. %Lu would lowercase the
username, %n would
# drop away the domain if it was given, or "%n-AT-%d" would change
the '@' into
# "-AT-". This translation is done after auth_username_translation
changes.
#auth_username_format =
# If you want to allow master users to log in by
specifying the master
# username within the normal username string (ie. not using SASL
mechanism's
# support for it), you can specify the separator character here.
The format
# is then <username><separator><master username>.
UW-IMAP uses "*" as the
# separator, so that could be a good choice.
#auth_master_user_separator =
# Username to use for users logging in with ANONYMOUS
SASL mechanism
#auth_anonymous_username = anonymous
# More verbose logging. Useful for figuring out why
authentication isn't
# working.
#auth_verbose = no
# Even more verbose logging for debugging purposes.
Shows for example SQL
# queries.
#auth_debug = no
# In case of password mismatches, log the passwords and
used scheme so the
# problem can be debugged. Requires auth_debug=yes to be set.
#auth_debug_passwords = no
# Maximum number of dovecot-auth worker processes.
They're used to execute
# blocking passdb and userdb queries (eg. MySQL and PAM).
They're
# automatically created and destroyed as needed.
#auth_worker_max_count = 30
# Host name to use in GSSAPI principal names. The
default is to use the
# name returned by gethostname().
#auth_gssapi_hostname =
# Kerberos keytab to use for the GSSAPI mechanism. Will
use the system
# default (usually /etc/krb5.keytab) if not specified.
#auth_krb5_keytab =
auth default {
# Space separated list of wanted authentication
mechanisms:
# plain login digest-md5 cram-md5 ntlm rpa apop
anonymous gssapi
# NOTE: See also disable_plaintext_auth setting.
mechanisms = plain
#
# Password database is used to verify user's password (and
nothing more).
# You can have multiple passdbs and userdbs. This is useful
if you want to
# allow both system users (/etc/passwd) and virtual users to
login without
# duplicating the system users into virtual database.
#
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.txt>
#
# By adding master=yes setting inside a passdb you make the
passdb a list
# of "master users", who can log in as anyone else. Unless
you're using PAM,
# you probably still want the destination user to be looked
up from passdb
# that it really exists. This can be done by adding pass=yes
setting to the
# master passdb.
<doc/wiki/Authentication.MasterUsers.txt>
# Users can be temporarily disabled by adding a
passdb with deny=yes.
# If the user is found from that database, authentication
will fail.
# The deny passdb should always be specified before others,
so it gets
# checked first. Here's an example:
#passdb passwd-file {
# File contains a list of usernames, one per
line
#args = /etc/dovecot.deny
#deny = yes
#}
# PAM authentication. Preferred nowadays by most
systems.
# Note that PAM can only be used to verify if user's
password is correct,
# so it can't be used as userdb. If you don't want to use a
separate user
# database (passwd usually), you can use static userdb.
# REMEMBER: You'll need /etc/pam.d/dovecot file created for
PAM
# authentication to actually work.
<doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.PAM.txt>
passdb pam {
# [blocking=yes] [session=yes] [setcred=yes]
# [cache_key=<key>] [<service
name>]
#
# By default a new process is forked from
dovecot-auth for each PAM lookup.
# Setting blocking=yes uses the alternative way:
dovecot-auth worker
# processes do the PAM lookups.
#
# session=yes makes Dovecot open and immediately
close PAM session. Some
# PAM plugins need this to work, such as
pam_mkhomedir.
#
# setcred=yes makes Dovecot establish PAM
credentials if some PAM plugins
# need that. They aren't ever deleted though, so
this isn't enabled by
# default.
#
# cache_key can be used to enable authentication
caching for PAM
# (auth_cache_size also needs to be set). It
isn't enabled by default
# because PAM modules can do all kinds of checks
besides checking password,
# such as checking IP address. Dovecot can't
know about these checks
# without some help. cache_key is simply a list
of variables (see
# doc/wiki/Variables.txt) which must match for
the cached data to be used.
# Here are some examples:
# %u - Username must match. Probably
sufficient for most uses.
# %u%r - Username and remote IP
address must match.
# %u%s - Username and service (ie.
IMAP, POP3) must match.
#
# If service name is "*", it means the
authenticating service name
# is used, eg. pop3 or imap (/etc/pam.d/pop3,
/etc/pam.d/imap).
#
# Some examples:
# args = session=yes *
# args = cache_key=%u dovecot
#args = dovecot
}
# System users (NSS, /etc/passwd, or
similiar)
# In many systems nowadays this uses Name Service Switch,
which is
# configured in /etc/nsswitch.conf.
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.Passwd.txt>
#passdb passwd {
# [blocking=yes] - See userdb passwd for
explanation
#args =
#}
# Shadow passwords for system users (NSS,
/etc/shadow or similiar).
# Deprecated by PAM nowadays.
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.Shadow.txt>
#passdb shadow {
# [blocking=yes] - See userdb passwd for
explanation
#args =
#}
# PAM-like authentication for OpenBSD.
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.BSDAuth.txt>
#passdb bsdauth {
# [cache_key=<key>] - See cache_key in PAM
for explanation.
#args =
#}
# passwd-like file with specified location
# <doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.PasswdFile.txt>
#passdb passwd-file {
# Path for passwd-file
#args =
#}
# checkpassword executable authentication
# NOTE: You will probably want to use "userdb prefetch" with
this.
# <doc/wiki/PasswordDatabase.CheckPassword.txt>
#passdb checkpassword {
# Path for checkpassword binary
#args =
#}
# SQL database
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.SQL.txt>
#passdb sql {
# Path for SQL configuration file, see
doc/dovecot-sql-example.conf
#args =
#}
# LDAP database
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.LDAP.txt>
#passdb ldap {
# Path for LDAP configuration file, see
doc/dovecot-ldap-example.conf
#args =
#}
# vpopmail authentication
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.VPopMail.txt>
#passdb vpopmail {
# [cache_key=<key>] - See cache_key in PAM
for explanation.
#args =
#}
#
# User database specifies where mails are located and what
user/group IDs
# own them. For single-UID configuration use "static".
#
# <doc/wiki/UserDatabase.txt>
#
# System users (NSS, /etc/passwd, or similiar).
In many systems nowadays this
# uses Name Service Switch, which is configured in
/etc/nsswitch.conf.
# <doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.Passwd.txt>
userdb passwd {
# [blocking=yes] - By default the lookups are
done in the main dovecot-auth
# process. This setting causes the lookups to be
done in auth worker
# proceses. Useful with remote NSS lookups that
may block.
# NOTE: Be sure to use this setting with
nss_ldap or users might get
# logged in as each others!
#args =
}
# passwd-like file with specified location
# <doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.PasswdFile.txt>
#userdb passwd-file {
# Path for passwd-file
#args =
#}
# static settings generated from template
<doc/wiki/UserDatabase.Static.txt>
#userdb static {
# Template for the fields. Can return anything a
userdb could normally
# return. For example:
#
# args = uid=500 gid=500
home=/var/mail/%u
#
# If you use deliver, it needs to look up users
only from the userdb. This
# of course doesn't work with static because
there is no list of users.
# Normally static userdb handles this by doing a
passdb lookup. This works
# with most passdbs, with PAM being the most
notable exception. If you do
# the user verification another way, you can add
allow_all_users=yes to
# the args in which case the passdb lookup is
skipped.
#
#args =
#}
# SQL database
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.SQL.txt>
#userdb sql {
# Path for SQL configuration file, see
doc/dovecot-sql-example.conf
#args =
#}
# LDAP database
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.LDAP.txt>
#userdb ldap {
# Path for LDAP configuration file, see
doc/dovecot-ldap-example.conf
#args =
#}
# vpopmail
<doc/wiki/AuthDatabase.VPopMail.txt>
#userdb vpopmail {
#}
# "prefetch" user database means that the passdb
already provided the
# needed information and there's no need to do a separate
userdb lookup.
# This can be made to work with SQL and LDAP databases, see
their example
# configuration files for more information how to do it.
# <doc/wiki/UserDatabase.Prefetch.txt>
#userdb prefetch {
#}
# User to use for the process. This user needs
access to only user and
# password databases, nothing else. Only shadow and pam
authentication
# requires roots, so use something else if possible. Note
that passwd
# authentication with BSDs internally accesses shadow files,
which also
# requires roots. Note that this user is NOT used to access
mails.
# That user is specified by userdb above.
user = root
# Directory where to chroot the process. Most
authentication backends don't
# work if this is set, and there's no point chrooting if
auth_user is root.
# Note that valid_chroot_dirs isn't needed to use this
setting.
#chroot =
# Number of authentication processes to
create
#count = 1
# Require a valid SSL client certificate or the
authentication fails.
#ssl_require_client_cert = no
# Take the username from client's SSL
certificate, using
# X509_NAME_get_text_by_NID() which returns the subject's
DN's
# CommonName.
#ssl_username_from_cert = no
# It's possible to export the authentication
interface to other programs:
#socket listen {
#master {
# Master socket provides access to
userdb information. It's typically
# used to give Dovecot's local
delivery agent access to userdb so it
# can find mailbox locations.
#path =
/var/run/dovecot/auth-master
#mode = 0600
# Default user/group is the one who
started dovecot-auth (root)
#user =
#group =
#}
#client {
# The client socket is generally
safe to export to everyone. Typical use
# is to export it to your SMTP
server so it can do SMTP AUTH lookups
# using it.
#path =
/var/run/dovecot/auth-client
#mode = 0660
#}
#}
}
# If you wish to use another authentication server than
dovecot-auth, you can
# use connect sockets. They are assumed to be already running,
Dovecot's master
# process only tries to connect to them. They don't need any other
settings
# than the path for the master socket, as the configuration is done
elsewhere.
# Note that the client sockets must exist in the login_dir.
#auth external {
# socket connect {
# master {
# path =
/var/run/dovecot/auth-master
# }
# }
#}
##
## Dictionary server settings
##
# Dictionary can be used by some plugins to store
key=value lists.
# Currently this is only used by dict quota backend. The dictionary
can be
# used either directly or though a dictionary server. The following
dict block
# maps dictionary names to URIs when the server is used. These can
then be
# referenced using URIs in format
"proxy:<name>".
dict {
#quota = mysql:/etc/dovecot-dict-quota.conf
}
##
## Plugin settings
##
plugin {
# Here you can give some extra environment variables to mail
processes.
# This is mostly meant for passing parameters to plugins.
%variable
# expansion is done for all values.
# Quota plugin. Multiple backends are
supported:
# dirsize: Find and sum all the files found from
mail directory.
#
Extremely SLOW with Maildir. It'll eat your CPU and disk I/O.
# dict: Keep quota stored in dictionary (eg.
SQL)
# maildir: Maildir++ quota
# fs: Read-only support for filesystem quota
#quota = maildir
# ACL plugin. vfile backend reads ACLs from
"dovecot-acl" file from maildir
# directory. You can also optionally give a global ACL
directory path where
# ACLs are applied to all users' mailboxes. The global ACL
directory contains
# one file for each mailbox, eg. INBOX or sub.mailbox.
#acl = vfile:/etc/dovecot-acls
# Convert plugin. If set, specifies the source
storage path which is
# converted to destination storage (mail_location) when the
user logs in.
# The existing mail directory is renamed to
<dir>-converted.
#convert_mail = mbox:%h/mail
# Skip mailboxes which we can't open successfully instead of
aborting.
#convert_skip_broken_mailboxes = no
# Trash plugin. When saving a message would make
user go over quota, this
# plugin automatically deletes the oldest mails from
configured mailboxes
# until the message can be saved within quota limits. The
configuration file
# is a text file where each line is in format:
<priority> <mailbox name>
# Mails are first deleted in lowest -> highest priority
number order
#trash = /etc/dovecot-trash.conf
# Lazy expunge plugin. Currently works only with
maildirs. When a user
# expunges mails, the mails are moved to a mailbox in
another namespace
# (1st). When a mailbox is deleted, the mailbox is moved to
another namespace
# (2nd) as well. Also if the deleted mailbox had any
expunged messages,
# they're moved to a 3rd namespace. The mails won't be
counted in quota,
# and they're not deleted automatically (use a cronjob or
something).
#lazy_expunge = .EXPUNGED/ .DELETED/ .DELETED/.EXPUNGED/
}
当然如果还要支持SMTP功能就要启动相关服务了。我们的SMTP验证功能是专门的模块来支持的,和postfix是分开的,所以启动那些模块后,必须要在我们的postfix配置文件中加入那些配置。SMTP功能是由saslauthd这个服务来提供的,我们还要启动它才行,是不是比较复杂,呵呵,确实有点。好了,下面总结一下
第一步 配置好我们的Postfix配置文件并在里面加入SMTP验证连接 主要为/etc/postfix/main.conf 然后启动postfix
第二步 配置好 dovecot这个服务的配置文件 在/etc/dovecot.conf中然后启动它
第三步 配置好我们的saslauthd服务的配置文件 在/etc/sysconfig/saslauthd中 然后启动它
第三步的 saslauthd服务的配置文件,大家可以不用修改。启动这项服务就行了
好了postfix讲起来确实有点复杂,这里也就简要的不能再简要的给大家说明了一下。具体的大家可以联系我
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