搭建实验环境说明:
在 RH5.4 yum安装 mysql部署master 数据库A,Centos 5.5 编译安装mysql 部署slave数据库B;
mysql 版本信息:
master mysql-5.0.77 slave :mysql-5.0.87 //测试环境并没有考虑版本问题
提示:(关闭selinux)
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
一般情况:mysqladmin -uroot password '123456'设置root用户访问mysql的密码;
mysql -uroot -p 键如密码即可登录mysql>界面
一、
##########################在master
mysql操作:##########################
1、授权从服务器的root用户来主服务器同步资源的权限
mysql> GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE,REPLICATION CLIENT,RELOAD,SUPER
ON *.* TO root#slave IP IDENTIFIED BY
'123456';
//将#换成@
#如果需要的话添加管理用户,通过mysql的客户端来测试同步的情况
mysql>flush privileges; // 刷新权限,使设置生效
#在node2上使用一下命令测试授权是否成功
#mysql -h 192.168.0.42 -uroot -p
2、在master mysql 配置
#vim /etc/my.cnf
# 确保有如下行
server-id = 1
log-bin=mysql-bin
binlog-do-db=mytest
binlog-ignore-db=mysql
#binlog-do-db=
// 需要备份的数据库名,可写多行
#binlog-ignore-db=
// 不需要备份的数据库名,可写多行
二、
##########################在slave
mysql操作:###########################
1、编辑/etc/my.cnf
server-id=2
log-bin=mysql-bin
master-host=192.168.0.123
master-user=root
master-password=123456
master-port=3306
replicate-do-db=mytest
可选项如下:
#
replicate-do-db=test
// 需要备份的数据库名
#
replicate-ignore-db=mysql
// 忽略的数据库
#
master-connect-retry=60 //如果从服务器发现主服务器断掉,重新连接的时间差(秒)
三、
##########################在master mysql操作:##########################
1、创建测试数据库
mysql> create database
mytest; //创建mytest库
mysql>show databases;
mysql> use
mytest;
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
|
mytable
|
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.01 sec)
mysql>ceate table mytable (name VARCHAR(20), sex CHAR(1),
birth DATE, birthaddr VARCHAR(20));
mysql>describe mytable;
mysql>insert into mytable values ('hanfeng','b','1987-08-08','china');
mysql>insert into mytable values ('feiniao','g','1988-08-08','china');
mysql>select * from mytable;
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name | sex |
birth | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng | s | 1985-08-08 |
china |
| feiniao | g | 1988-08-08 |
china |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
2、在master使用mysqldump命令将数据库导出:
#mysqldump -uroot mytest > mysql.sql
3、使用scp命令将mysql.sql拷贝到slave
#scp mysq.sql root#slaveIP:/root //将#换成@
四、
##########################在slave mysql操作:###########################
1、创建mytest数据库,
mysql> create database mytest;
2、将mysql.sql导入其中
#mysql -uroot -p mytest < mysql.sql
3、检查mysql.sql导入是否成功
mysql> create database mytest;
mysql>show databases;
mysql> use
mytest;
mysql> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
|
mytable
|
+------------------+
mysql>select * from mytable;
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| name | sex |
birth | birthaddr |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
| hanfeng | s | 1985-08-08 |
china |
| feiniao | g | 1988-08-08 |
china |
+----------+------+------------+-----------+
4、验证配置的正确性
mysql>start
slave;
// 如果启动失败,参看以下错误处理②
mysql> show slave statusG;
*************************** 1. row *******************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event 必须的
Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
Master_User: root
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 287
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000009
Relay_Log_Pos: 424
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes #
为YES状态 (说明:如果出现NO请参看下面错误解答!)
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes # 为YES状态
Replicate_Do_DB: mytest
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
#####################################################################
此时使用mysqldump的备份与还原基本完成
五、
##########################在master
mysql操作:##########################
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>insert into mytable values
('shanghai','s','2011-09-13','china');
mysql>select * from mytable;
向mytest数据库的mytable表中插入一新记录;
在slave服务器上
mysql> use mytest;
mysql>select * from mytable;
得到:
mysql> select * from mytable;
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
| name | sex |
birth | birthaddr
|
+-----------+------+------------+----------------+
| hanfeng | b | 1987-08-08 |
china |
| feiniao | g |
1988-08-08 | china |
| shanghai | s | 2011-09-13 | china
|
+-----------+------+------------+---------------+
3 rows in set (0.01 sec)
总结:
############################## 错误处理 ① ##########################
对于 Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
错误解答
Master slave 复制错误
Description:
Slave_IO_Running:NO
Slave_SQL_Running:Yes
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
本人遇到的Slave_IO_Running:NO的情况有下面两种:
1. 在配置slave同步时因为slave访问master没有权限导致;
2. master上的mysql-bin.xxxxxx文件全被我误删除了;
对于第一种情况,仔细检查数据库访问权限即可解决;
对于第二种情况:
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State:
Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000016
Read_Master_Log_Pos:
173
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000008
Relay_Log_Pos: 98
Relay_Master_Log_File:
mysql-bin.000016
Slave_IO_Running: No
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
br>
Last_Error: 0
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos:
173
Relay_Log_Space: 98
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: NULL
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
重启master库:service mysqld restart
mysql> show master status;
+------------------+--------------------+----------------+------------------+
| File | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+------------------+-------------------+-----------------+------------------+
| mysql-bin.000001 | 98 | | |
+------------------+--------------------+-----------------+------------------+
mysql> slave stop;
mysql> change master to Master_Log_File='mysql-bin.000001',Master_Log_Pos=98;
mysql> slave start;
mysql> show slave statusG
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.0.123
Master_User: slave
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 98
Relay_Log_File: mysqld-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 235
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 98
Relay_Log_Space: 235
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
1 row in set (0.00 sec)
############################## 错误处理 ② ##########################
问题:如果你的mysql数据库已经有数据存储使用,将导致master与slave日志错误!
mysql> start slave;
ERROR 1201 (HY000): Could not initialize master info structure;
more error messages can be found in the MySQL error log
mysql> show slave status;
Empty set (0.00 sec)
处理:删除mysql-bin.000001 日志文件,并重启mysql服务
1、master
#rm -rf
/var/lib/mysql/*.*
2、slave
#rm -rf /usr/local/mysql/var/*.*
3、service mysqld restart
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