MySQL如何使用导出导入命令

随着数据的增多，数据的备份显得日益重要，下面是mysql常用的数据导入导出命令。
1.导出整个数据库
格式：mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 > 导出的文件名
举例：
C:Documents and SettingsOwner>mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.   Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5 to server version: 5.0.7-beta-nt

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use testdb
Database changed
mysql> select * from user;
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
| userid | username | password | email          |
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
|       1 | aaa       | aaa       | aaaa           |
|       2 | bbb       | bbbb      | bbbb@sina.com|
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> select * from user1;
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
| userid | username | password | email          |
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
|       1 | cccc      | cccc      | cccc           |
|       2 | cccc      | cccc      | cccc@sina.com|
+--------+----------+----------+---------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

在mysql的bin目录里面执行如下命令
C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>mysqldump -u root -p testdb > testdb.sql
Enter password:

C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>

testdb.sql内容如下：

-- MySQL dump 10.10
--
-- Host: localhost     Database: testdb
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.0.7-beta-nt

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO__ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `user`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
   `email` varchar(50) default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY   (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `user` S (1,'aaa','aaa','aaaa'),(2,'bbb','bbbb','bbbb@sina.com');
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;

--
-- Table structure for table `user1`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user1`;
CREATE TABLE `user1` (
   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
   `email` varchar(50) default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY   (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--
-- Dumping data for table `user1`
--

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user1` DISABLE KEYS */;
LOCK TABLES `user1` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `user1` S (1,'cccc','cccc','cccc'),(2,'cccc','cccc','cccc@sina.com');
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user1` ENABLE KEYS */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE*/;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS*/;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS*/;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION*/;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES*/;

2.导出一个表
格式：mysqldump -u 用户名 -p 数据库名 表名> 导出的文件名
举例：表结构与上面的相同,命令如下：
C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>mysqldump -u root -p testdb user > user.sql
Enter password:

C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>

user.sql内容如下：

-- MySQL dump 10.10
--
-- Host: localhost     Database: testdb
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.0.7-beta-nt

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO__ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `user`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
   `email` varchar(50) default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY   (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--
-- Dumping data for table `user`
--

/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` DISABLE KEYS */;
LOCK TABLES `user` WRITE;
INSERT INTO `user` S (1,'aaa','aaa','aaaa'),(2,'bbb','bbbb','bbbb@sina.com');
UNLOCK TABLES;
/*!40000 ALTER TABLE `user` ENABLE KEYS */;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE*/;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS*/;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS*/;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION*/;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES*/;

3.导出一个数据库结构
格式：mysqldump -u 用户名 -p -d --add-drop-table 数据库 > 导出的文件名
说明：-d 选项表示没有数据        
       --add-drop-table 选项说明在每个create语句之前增加一个drop table
举例：表结构与上面的相同

C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>mysqldump -u root -p -d --add-drop-table testdb > testdbstruct.sql
Enter password:

C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>

testdbstruct.sql内容如下：
-- MySQL dump 10.10
--
-- Host: localhost     Database: testdb
-- ------------------------------------------------------
-- Server version 5.0.7-beta-nt

/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@@CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@@CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION=@@COLLATION_CONNECTION */;
/*!40101 SET NAMES utf8 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS=@@UNIQUE_CHECKS, UNIQUE_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40014 SET @OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@@FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS, FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=0 */;
/*!40101 SET @OLD_SQL_MODE=@@SQL_MODE, SQL_MODE='NO_AUTO__ON_ZERO' */;
/*!40111 SET @OLD_SQL_NOTES=@@SQL_NOTES, SQL_NOTES=0 */;

--
-- Table structure for table `user`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user`;
CREATE TABLE `user` (
   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
   `email` varchar(50) default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY   (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

--
-- Table structure for table `user1`
--

DROP TABLE IF EXISTS `user1`;
CREATE TABLE `user1` (
   `userid` int(11) NOT NULL,
   `username` varchar(20) NOT NULL,
   `password` varchar(50) NOT NULL,
   `email` varchar(50) default NULL,
   PRIMARY KEY   (`userid`)
) ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;

/*!40101 SET SQL_MODE=@OLD_SQL_MODE*/;
/*!40014 SET FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS=@OLD_FOREIGN_KEY_CHECKS*/;
/*!40014 SET UNIQUE_CHECKS=@OLD_UNIQUE_CHECKS*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_CLIENT*/;
/*!40101 SET CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS=@OLD_CHARACTER_SET_RESULTS*/;
/*!40101 SET COLLATION_CONNECTION=@OLD_COLLATION_CONNECTION*/;
/*!40111 SET SQL_NOTES=@OLD_SQL_NOTES*/;

4.导入数据库
格式:常用source 命令

进入mysql数据库控制台：
C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin>mysql -u root -p
Enter password:
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.   Commands end with ; or g.
Your MySQL connection id is 10 to server version: 5.0.7-beta-nt

Type 'help;' or 'h' for help. Type 'c' to clear the buffer.

mysql> use testdb;
Database changed
mysql> source testdb.sql;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.05 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.13 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.10 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.04 sec)
Records: 2   Duplicates: 0   Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.03 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.09 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 2 rows affected (0.03 sec)
Records: 2   Duplicates: 0   Warnings: 0

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

mysql>

其中testdb.sql放在C:MySQLMySQL Server 5.0bin目录下，如果不在这个目录下则要指定路径

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