Apache 安装、配置、优化
安装 Apache 2.0.48 (查看Install手册) 考虑到以后要 rewite_url 来使 google 更加容易收录网站,特地添加了 mod_rewrite
同时为了限制流量,特别加了 mod_limitpcnn.c 补丁 , 所以多了一个 --enable-forward 选项。
建议安装完毕以后不要删除安装目录,以便以后升级时使用。
记得升级前关闭 apache2.0
编译过程:
#./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install
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这个例子里面是编译了 mod_so,mod_speling 和 openssl 支持。
同样有另外几种写法
#./configure --enable-modules=so --enable-modules=speling --enable-modules=rewrite
或者
#./configure --enable-modules=”so speling”
--enable-MODULE[=shared] 编译并包含模块 MODULE. MODULE 是文档中去掉” _module ”的模块名。要将一个模块编译成为 DSO, 需要加 -shared 选项 , 即 --enable-mods-shared 。 (查看 MODULE 手册)
注意 :"如果希望核心能够装载 DSO,而不实际编译任何动态模块,则要明确指定 --enable-modules=so 或者 --enable-so" (查看 DSO 手册),所以前面的顺序不能交换顺序。 查看所有apache 的 configure 参数
安装完毕后可以用以下命令来查看启动了那些模块
# apachectl -l Compiled in modules: core.c mod_access.c mod_auth.c mod_include.c mod_log_config.c mod_env.c mod_setenvif.c prefork.c http_core.c mod_mime.c mod_status.c mod_autoindex.c mod_asis.c mod_cgi.c mod_negotiation.c mod_dir.c mod_imap.c mod_actions.c mod_speling.c mod_userdir.c mod_alias.c mod_rewrite.c mod_so.c
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接着,将启动程序放入开机程序中去。 如果要启动 ssl 加密网页,则必须通过手动启动 apache2.0 (参见 ssl 部分 )
# echo "/usr/local/apache2/bin/apachectl start" >> /etc/rc.d/rc.local
参考:
If you want your server to continue running after a system reboot , you should add a call to apachectl to your system startup files (typically rc.local or a file in an rc.N directory). This will start Apache as root. Before doing this ensure that your server is properly configured for security and access restrictions.
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在 profile 里面添加以上的语句来设置路径,使得在 bash 下更容易控制 apachectl, 省去了输入路径的麻烦。
# vi /etc/profile
PATH=" $PATH:usr/local/apache2/bin:”
配置 apache2.0
# vi /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf
配置文件请看文件 httpd.conf (设置文档目录为/home/dalouis/public_html)
#chmod 755 – R /home/dalouis/
设置目录的可读性为 drwxr-xr-x(755), 否则会出现 "Forbidden You don''t have permission to access / on this server."
一些关于安全性的配置:
考虑到 cgi-bin 的安全性问题,我们暂时将 cgi-bin 去掉。将所有 httpd.conf 中的所有关于 cgi-bin 的行加上 #.
Xiyang 的配置
我用的: mod_limitipconn, mod_expires, mod_gzip, mod_php4, mod_so, mod_access, mod_alias, mod_userdir, mod_dir, mod_autoindex, mod_status, mod_mime, mod_log_config, http_core
关于超时的问题 在我编写好所有的产品查看页面的时候,经常会出现因为超时,或者流量过大 ,apache 停止工作的问题,原因有二,一是代码的不科学性,二是 apache 的设置问题。
以下是对设置的一点改动:
# KeepAlive: Whether or not to allow persistent connections(more than # one request per connection). Set to "Off" to deactivate. # KeepAlive Off # MaxKeepAliveRequests: The maximum number of requests to allow # during a persistent connection. Set to 0 to allow an unlimited amount. # We recommend you leave this number high, for maximum performance. # MaxKeepAliveRequests 0 # KeepAliveTimeout: Number of seconds to wait for the next request # from the same client on the same connection. # KeepAliveTimeout 0
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记录访问者的 HTTP-REFERER 和 AGENT, 有助于统计来者是通过什么搜索引擎找到我们的网站的。 或者在原有的CustomLog行,将参数由 common 改成 combined
# If you would like to have agent and referer logfiles, # uncomment the following directives. CustomLog logs/referer_log referer CustomLog logs/agent_log agent CustomLog logs/www.domain.com-access_log combined
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使用 mod_limitipconn.c 来限制 apache 的并发数
Package: http://dominia.org/djao/limit/这里的安装建议使用动态 DSO 并 patch apache2.0, 以使得 apache2.0 可以认识在代理后方的 IP 。但是要 重新编译 apache2.0, 以下是介绍。
##Instructions for building DSO with proxy tracking: # tar xzvf httpd-2.0.39.tar.gz # tar xzvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.39 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff # ./buildconf # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install
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安装过程
# lynx http://dominia.org/djao/limit/mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # tar -zxvf mod_limitipconn-0.22.tar.gz # cd httpd-2.0.48 # patch -p1 < ../mod_limitipconn-0.22/apachesrc.diff patching file configure.in Hunk #1 succeeded at 373 (offset 55 lines). patching file include/scoreboard.h patching file modules/generators/mod_status.c Hunk #1 succeeded at 746 (offset -1 lines). patching file server/scoreboard.c # ./configure --enable-so --enable-speling --enable-rewrite --with-ssl=/usr/local/ssl --enable-forward # make # make install # cd ../mod_limitipconn-0.22 # PATH=/usr/local/apache2/bin:$PATH # make install ---------------------------------------------------------------------- Libraries have been installed in: /usr/local/apache2/modules If you ever happen to want to link against installed libraries in a given directory, LIBDIR, you must either use libtool, and specify the full pathname of the library, or use the `-LLIBDIR'' flag during linking and do at least one of the following: - add LIBDIR to the `LD_LIBRARY_PATH'' environment variable during execution - add LIBDIR to the `LD_RUN_PATH'' environment variable during linking - use the `-Wl,--rpath -Wl,LIBDIR'' linker flag - have your system administrator add LIBDIR to `/etc/ld.so.conf'' See any operating system documentation about shared libraries for more information, such as the ld(1) and ld.so(8) manual pages. ---------------------------------------------------------------------- chmod 755 /usr/local/apache2/modules/mod_limitipconn.so [activating module `limitipconn'' in /usr/local/apache2/conf/httpd.conf]
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检查 httpd.conf 文件,发现增加了一下一行
LoadModule limitipconn_module modules/mod_limitipconn.so
同时需要设置以下参数在 httpd.conf 中 , 也可以在单个虚拟服务器中。
ExtendedStatus On # Only needed if the module is compiled as a DSO LoadModule limitipconn_module lib/apache/mod_limitipconn.so <IfModule mod_limitipconn.c> <Location /somewhere> MaxConnPerIP 3 # exempting images from the connection limit is often a good
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(T115)
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